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名词性从句 None Clauses

名词后面加从句只有 定语从句/同位语从句。没有关系词,只可能是定语从句。

三种句子:that whether(if) 特殊疑问句

四种成分:主语 宾语 表语 同位语

一群穿着各色衣服的游客在沙漠里玩。

定语从句+名词名句+状语从句(时间,地点,方式)+动词

主语从句(同一个句子来做主语)

  1. that 主语 + 谓语
  2. It+谓语+ that 主语

John 很矮是总所周知的

  • John is short is public knowledge. (有两动词,无连接词,是错的)
  • That John is short is public knowledge. (语法正确,头重脚轻)
  • It is public knowledge that John is short.

一、特殊疑问词引导

why, what, who, where, when, which, whenever, whichever, wherever, whoever, how

  • 疑问词+主语+谓语 对应that第一种.
  • What I need is money.
  • What he says is not important.
  • What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
  • How I spend my money is none of your business.
  • Where he was taken remains a mystery.
  • Whoever comes first will receive the prize.

二、Whether+主语+谓语 对应that第一类

  • Whether we can trust him (or not) is still unclear.

  • Whether it will do us harm (or not) remains to be seen.

  • It’s unclear whether we can trust him. (对应type2)

三、Just because… doesn’t mean…

  • Just because we don’t talk doesn’t mean I don’t think about you.

宾语从句

  • I know that he is a good person. (陈述句+that直接变宾语从句)

  • I know when we should go. (特殊疑问句变陈述句宾语从句)

一般疑问句变宾语从句

  • Are my picture good or not?

  • She always like me whether/if my picture are good or not.

  • I know whether/if I should tell him the truth.

宾语从句位置:

  1. 动宾

    • Many people pretend that they understand modern art. (动单宾)

    • They always tell you what a picture is ‘about’.(动双宾)

  2. 介宾(46课)

    • He was astonished at what he found.
  3. 动宾前置

    • Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.
  4. 形式宾语

    • She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.

一、介词+疑问词引导的宾语从句

  • I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the readers are saying.

  • I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it.

二、时态

  1. 主句是一般现在时,从句该什么时态就什么时态。

    • I believe we will won.
  2. 主句是一般过去时,宾语从句时态降级。现在=>过去, 过去=>过去完成(had done), 将来(will)=>过去将来(would)

    • You never told me what you had done to my computer.

    • Catherine said that she had never been to Guangzhou.

  3. 从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。

    • The teacher told the students that the sun is round.

三、否定前移(突出强调,一般用于表示观点的时候)

  • I think the window don’t need cleaning at this time of the night

  • => I don’t think the window need cleaning at this time of the night.

  • I don’t think you are wrong.

表语从句(表述主语特征)

系动词:be, seem, become, get, remain, feel, smell, taste, look, sound, keep, stay.

  • His suggestion is that we should stay.

  • He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

  • The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

同位语从句 (中心名词+ that + 陈述句)

一个句子做同位语,解释说明前面名词

  • His suggestion that I buy a cat is very good.

  • The idea that we can turn fruits into art is excellent.

  • The belief that the earth is flat is still held in many countries.

中心名词

  1. 概括发生了事情 (fact news information decision)

  2. 概括观念 想法类的事情 (idea belief suggestion opinion advice promise knowledge thought)

  3. 可能性 (possibility)

同位语从句未必紧跟名词(改正头重脚轻)

  • When report came into London that a wild puma …, they were not taken seriously.

  • I’m tired of the fact that I have to babysit her all the time.

  • The thought that I may lose him forever terrifies me.