英语语法
十类词法:名词,冠词,数词,代词,形容词,副词,连词,介词,感叹词,动词
动词又含有:时态,语态,情态,语气
英语习惯用形式补充内容:把谓语动词的时态改变
句子分为:简单句,并列句,复杂句
英语一主一谓原则 => 一个句子只能有一个谓语动词- 主句+连接词+从句
- 连接词+从句,主句
- 名词性从句 (主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)
- 形容词从句 (定语从句,包括限制性和非限制性)
- 副词性从句 (时间地点原因结构目的条件让步方式比较等)
非谓语:动名词,不定式,分词
特殊句式:倒装句,省略句,强调句,双否定,插入语
简单句(一套单独的主语动词)
自动词
- 主谓:Bird fly.
他动词
- 主谓宾:I love you.
- 主谓双宾:You ask me a question.
- 主谓宾补:I find Hong Kong Beautiful.
*主系表
- I am very happy.(系动词无实际动作)
连词 Transition
连词包含 Conjunctions 和 Conjunctive Adverbs
A conjunction is a connector used to join clauses, phrases or sentences.
- Conjunctions 是在句子层面,一个句子内,用于表明句子内部成分的关系地位。
- Conjunctive Adverbs 是在段落层面,用于表明句子在段落里的关系地位。
并列句 (两句话地位相当,句子1+连接词+句子2)
并列连词 Coordinating Conjunction
并列 AND
Both…and…
Not only…but …as well
Not only…but also… => Not only…but (简化)
选择 OR
either…or…
neither…nor…
转折 BUT
BUT: It is summer, but it is very cold.
YET: It is summer, yet it is very cold.
复杂句 (一句话,分为主从关系)
从属连词 Subordinating Conjunction
名词性从句 | 形容词性从句 | 副词性从句 |
---|---|---|
主语从句 | 定语从句 | 状语从句 |
宾语从句 | ||
表语从句 | ||
同位语从句 |
名词性从句
that
特殊疑问词引导 (why, what, who, where, when, which , whenever, whichever, wherever, whoever, how)
Whether+主语+谓语 (对应that第一种)
just because… doesn’t mean…
形容词从句
事/物 => which/that
人 => who/that
某人的/某物的 => whose
时间 => when
地点 => where
原因 => why
副词性从句
时间 | When/While/As | After/Before | Since | By the time |
Till/Until | As soon as | Every time | The first/last/next time | |
地点 | where | |||
原因 | because | sicne | as | <,for> |
结果 | <so…that> | <such…that> | <be such that…> | |
目的 | so that | in order that | ||
条件 | If | In case | So/As long as | Suppose(that) |
让步 | Although/though | Even if/even though | while | No matter+疑问词 |
方式 | as | The way | As if/ as though | |
比较 | than | As…as |