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形容词从句 Attributive clause

  1. 含义：一个句子作定语，修饰限定名词
  2. 位置：跟在所修饰的名次后
  3. 写法：先行词n. + 关系词 + 陈述句

    定语从句的关系词作成分（因为替代了从句的内容，虽然和先行词相同）

    • This is the job. I have dreamed of the job for years.

    • This is the job which I have dreamed of for years. (Which = the job)

  4. 做什么成分？ => 还原关系词的位置

    • 事/物 => which/that

    • 人 => who/that

    • 某人的/某物的 => whose

    • 时间 => when

    • 地点 => where

    • 原因 => why

  5. 主谓一致
    • Jasper White is one of t hose rare people who believes in ancient myths.

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Q：为什么要用定语从句？

A：用于限定修饰名词，从而说明该名词的特殊性。

类似于形容词，但功能却更多样，将人和物从一堆食物中挑选出来。

  • The women who has a handbag served me.

  • The women who has dark hair served me.

  • The women who is standing behind the counter served me.

定语共性：

  1. 修饰名词，通常为形容词。
  2. 从多个相似事物中确定一个。
  3. 可放在名词前面（短，形容词）或后面（长，定语从句）。

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定语从句：用句子修饰名词​

  • 人+ who/that +(主语)+ 动词 … + …

  • 物+ which/that +(主语)+ 动词 … +…

在这件办公室工作的人很友好。

  • Step1: 找到被修饰的名词及其定语（名词：人，定语：在这间办公室工作）
  • Step2: 人+ who/that + 动词… +友好
  • Step3: 逐个翻译（The people who works in this office are very friendly.)

who/which/that 作从句宾语时通常省略​

  • I want to marry a man who loves me. （主语）

  • I want to marry a man (who) I love.（宾语）

  • The people (who/whom/that) we met were very friendly.

  • The dinner (which/that) my mother cooked was delicious.

  • The fish (which/that) my wife bought was dead.

  • I found the book (which/that) I wanted.

只能用that，不能用which的情况​

  1. 不定代词后(all, little, few, none, everything, 最高级, 序数词)
  2. 被不定代词修饰的名词
  • Is there anything that I can do for you?
  • This is the best book that I have ever read.
  • This is the last thing thatI want to say.
  • I’d like to read all the book that are written by him.

以介词结尾的定语从句​

关系词做从句宾语，介词后不能用that

  • This is the plane which I live in. (Informal)

  • This is the plane in which I live. (Formal)

  • You are the guy we are trying to get away from.(Informal)

  • You are the guy from whomwe are trying to get away. (Formal)

  • I’m living in a house in which I can even play golf.

  • The driver was the men from whose room she had stolen the maps.

其他关系词​

whose: …的​

  • Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea?
  • We’ll go to the town whose name I have heard of.

where = 介词 + which（地点）​

  • This is the place where I live.
  • This is the place which I live in.
  • This is the place in which I live.

when = 介词 + which（事件）​

  • We have all experienced days when every thing goes wrong.

  • We have all experienced days on which every thing goes wrong.

  • We have all experienced days that seems like years. (没有介词，直接用which/that）

why（reason/cause + why）​

  • This is the reason why I didn’t come home.