形容词从句 Attributive clause
- 含义:一个句子作定语,修饰限定名词
- 位置:跟在所修饰的名次后
- 写法:先行词n. + 关系词 + 陈述句
定语从句的关系词作成分(因为替代了从句的内容,虽然和先行词相同)
This is the job. I have dreamed of the job for years.
This is the job which I have dreamed of for years. (Which = the job)
- 做什么成分? => 还原关系词的位置
事/物 => which/that
人 => who/that
某人的/某物的 => whose
时间 => when
地点 => where
原因 => why
- 主谓一致
- Jasper White is one of t hose rare people who believes in ancient myths.
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Q:为什么要用定语从句?
A:用于限定修饰名词,从而说明该名词的特殊性。
类似于形容词,但功能却更多样,将人和物从一堆食物中挑选出来。
The women who has a handbag served me.
The women who has dark hair served me.
The women who is standing behind the counter served me.
定语共性:
- 修饰名词,通常为形容词。
- 从多个相似事物中确定一个。
- 可放在名词前面(短,形容词)或后面(长,定语从句)。
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定语从句:用句子修饰名词
人+ who/that +(主语)+ 动词 … + …
物+ which/that +(主语)+ 动词 … +…
在这件办公室工作的人很友好。
- Step1: 找到被修饰的名词及其定语(名词:人,定语:在这间办公室工作)
- Step2: 人+ who/that + 动词… +友好
- Step3: 逐个翻译(The people who works in this office are very friendly.)
who/which/that 作从句宾语时通常省略
I want to marry a man who loves me. (主语)
I want to marry a man (who) I love.(宾语)
The people (who/whom/that) we met were very friendly.
The dinner (which/that) my mother cooked was delicious.
The fish (which/that) my wife bought was dead.
I found the book (which/that) I wanted.
只能用that,不能用which的情况
- 不定代词后(all, little, few, none, everything, 最高级, 序数词)
- 被不定代词修饰的名词
- Is there anything that I can do for you?
- This is the best book that I have ever read.
- This is the last thing thatI want to say.
- I’d like to read all the book that are written by him.
以介词结尾的定语从句
关系词做从句宾语,介词后不能用that
This is the plane which I live in. (Informal)
This is the plane in which I live. (Formal)
You are the guy we are trying to get away from.(Informal)
You are the guy from whomwe are trying to get away. (Formal)
I’m living in a house in which I can even play golf.
The driver was the men from whose room she had stolen the maps.
其他关系词
whose: …的
- Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea?
- We’ll go to the town whose name I have heard of.
where = 介词 + which(地点)
- This is the place where I live.
- This is the place which I live in.
- This is the place in which I live.
when = 介词 + which(事件)
We have all experienced days when every thing goes wrong.
We have all experienced days on which every thing goes wrong.
We have all experienced days that seems like years. (没有介词,直接用which/that)
why(reason/cause + why)
- This is the reason why I didn’t come home.