Skip to main content

条件状语从句

1. If 条件句​

  • 真实条件句
  • 虚拟条件句（虚拟语气）

首先判断是真实还是虚拟

虚拟的话 => 假设的是 过去，现在，将来？ => 想清楚后对应公式

if 真实条件句 (主将从现)​

If从句主句
假设现在现代的各种时态一般将来时
假设过去过去的各种时态过去将来时
假设将来一般现在时替将来一般将来时
  • If you work with me, I will take us to the top.
  • If she is sleeping, I will call her later.
  • If tall chimneys were built above sea level, the tunnel would be well-ventilated.（假设能够成真）
  • If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

if 虚拟条件句（虚拟语气）​

如果我能去火星/如果我不缺钱

虚拟 => 变时态 => 时态往后退一格 （将来现在过去）

虚拟的时间IF从句的谓语形式（C）主句的谓语形式（Z）
现在（x）Cx: did 或 wereZx: would(could,might) + do
过去（g）Cg: had done 或 had beenZg: would(could,might) + have done
将来（j）Cj: were to do/should doZj: would(could,might) + do

if往前推，主句四加一

1.对现在的虚拟（if部分和现在事实相反）​

If did(were), 主语+would_could_might do.

  • If I were you, I would not accept his apology.
  • If I had enough money, I might stop working and just go travelling.
  • If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together.
  • If you didn’t make the arrangement, it would not save us a lot of trouble.

2.对过去的虚拟（if部分和过去事实相反）​

If + had done, 主语+would_could_might + have done.

  • If I had known you last year, I would have asked you to be my business partner.
  • If she hadn’t eaten too much candy, she might not have had her teeth pulled out.

3.对将来的虚拟（不太可能发生的事情，主将从现是可能发生）​

If + did(were), 主语+would_could_might do. (只掌握一种和现在虚拟一样的会用就好）

  • If I have time tomorrow, I will help you. 可能发生
  • If I had time tomorrow, I would help you. 不太可能发生，如果有时间就好了。 此外还有were to do/should do
  • If I were to live my life again, I would have you as my wife.

情态动词 虚拟​

  • 本来应该 should have done / shouldn’t have done
  • 本来需要 need have done
  • 本来能够 Could have done
    • He could have helped me, but he didn’t.
  • 本来将要 would have done
  • 本来可以可能 might have done
    • You might have came here earlier.

2. in case 万一​

  • Carry a gun in case there’s an ambush.

3. Unless 除非​

  • Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself, it’s going to be tough to keep you motivation level high.

4. As long as/so long as 只要​

  • I don’t care what is written in your history so/as long as you are here with me.

5. Suppose(that) 假设​

  • Suppose you had a million dollar, how would you spend it?