不定式
作用:简化句子
溯源:英语一主一谓原则 => 一个句子只能有一个谓语动词
能干什么=>语法功能
长什么样=>各种形式
动作发出者=>逻辑主语
作用:简化句子(定语从句)
- He is the best man who can do the job.
- He is the best man to do the job.
- I don’t know what I should do.
- I don’t know what to do.
能干什么=> 不定(infinite无限,除了谓语)=>
主语:
- To see is to believe.
- To save time is to lengthen life.
- To watch/watching movie is fun.
- To watch movies in a luxurious cinema is fun.
- 不定式经常在句尾做主语(主语短语太长)
- It is fun to watch movies in a luxurious cinema.
- It is adj (for/of sb) to do…
- It is hard for us to master English in a short time.
宾语: V + to do
宾语补主语(v + sb + to do):
- My mom allows me to play PS5 only on holidays.
定语(名词代词后+to do):
-
Something to eat.
-
Something to drink.
-
To be a men is to have a story to tell.
-
A good place to sell stuff.
-
A good place to settle down.
-
He is the best man who can do the job.
-
He is the best man to do the job.
-
The next train which is to arrive is from NY.
-
The next train to arrive is from NY.
状语
目的状语:
- To learn English well, I have come to New Oriental School.
- We eat to live, not live to eat.
- To keep earning, keep learning.
结果状语:
- We hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had just left.
原因状语:
- It is nice to meet you.
- I am glad/delighted/surprised to do…
独立成分:
- To begin/ start with
- To tell you the truth
- To make a long story short.
- To be honest/frank/exact
- To say nothing of 姑且不说
长什么样=>各种形式
动词do各种形式
| 四种体态 | 主动 | 被动 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般 | do | be done |
| 完成 | have done | have been done |
| 进行 | be doing | X |
| 完成进行 | have been doing | X |
不定式的各种形式
| 四种体态 | 主动 | 被动 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般 | to do | to be done |
| 完成 | to have done | to have been done |
| 进行 | to be doing | X |
| 完成进行 | to have been doing | X |
动作发出者=>逻辑主语
- It is adj (for/of sb) to do…
- It is important (for you) to go there.
- He was very willing(for you) to come.