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精简名词从句(形式宾语)

形式主语(It is … that ….) 防止头重脚轻

形式宾语 People are going to find to get to work difficult. => People are going to find it difficult to get to work. to do => it

形式宾语(使用场景) -1.宾语过长 -2.在主谓宾补中才会使用形式宾语: 在主谓宾中,宾语已经是句末,没必要。 形式主语中,主语肯定在前,肯定头重。

That We think it right that we should be punished.

To do People found to travel abroad very interesting => People found it very interesting to travel abroad. We find it very hard to live without money. We know it impossible to solve the problem smoothly.

在“英语为什么存在 There be 句型”一文中,我们知道了There be句型的功能是为了让英语句子具有完整的主谓结构,同时起到强调主语的作用。

那么英语为什么存在 It is 句型呢?

其实,It is 句型的存在和there be句型是一致的,也是为了保证句子具有完整的主谓结构,同时起到强调突作用,示例如下:

一、It 处于主语的位置

1. Who is it? It's me.

是谁呀?是我。 解释:对于中文来说,回答“是我”就可以了,省略了主语。但是对于具有严谨完整句子结构的英文则不行,一定要有一个主语,这时就请来了”It”作为形式主语。

2. It is I who raised the question.

是我提出这个问题的。 解释:对于中文来说,“是我”可以作为主语。但是在英语中无法表达出“是我”这样的主语,怎么办呢?区别于“There be” 存在句型,英语又采用了另外一种句型,即:It is 句型。

It is I (是我) who raised the question提出这个问题的。 这样既保证了句子结构的完整,又起到了强调作用。

3. It is important to listen to the other person.

倾听别人的声音是很重要。 解释:对于中文来说,可以以“降调”直译为“很重要的,多听听别人的意见”。

为了表达同样的内涵,英文就采取了 ”It is” 句型,体现出英文的“前重后轻,前主后次”的思维内涵。 It 为形式主语,to listen to the other person为真正的主语。所以可以用真正的主语代替掉形式主语为: To listen to the other person is important. 倾听别人的声音是很重要。

4. It is said you can see it from the space.

(是)据说从太空中都能看见我们国家的长城呢。 解释:英文为了表达“据说”,需要补全主语,因此为了保证句子主谓结构的完整采取了”It is” 句型。

5. It is pity to give up now.

现在放弃(是)很遗憾。 解释:英文为了表达“真是可惜”,需要补全主语,因此为了保证句子主谓结构的完整采取了”It is” 句型。 It is pity(主要信息) to give up now. (次要补充信息)

6. It takes an hour to get to the railway station.

到火车站(是)要花一小时。 解释:英文为了表达“需要一个小时”,需要补全主语,因此为了保证句子主谓结构的完整采取了”It is” 句型。 It takes an hour(主要信息) to get to the railway station.(次要补充信息)

7. It was in 2000 that I lost touch with her.

(是)在2000年我同她失去联系的。 解释:英文为了表达“是在2000年”,需要补全主语,因此为了保证句子主谓结构的完整采取了”It is” 句型。

8. It happened that I saw him on my way home.

(是)碰巧我在回家的路上看到他。 解释:英文为了在句首表达“碰巧”,需要补全主语,因此为了保证句子主谓结构的完整采取了”It is” 句型。

二、It 处于宾语的位置 主+谓+宾 it+宾补(adj/n)+真宾语(that/to do)

1. I find it pleasant to work with him.

我发现和他一起工作很快乐。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替不定式短语to work with him。 I find (that) it is pleasant to work with him. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

2. They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.

他们感觉在如此短的时间内完成此项工作是有难度的。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time。 They felt (that) it was difficult to finish the work in such a short time. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

3. She thinks it her duty to help us.

她认为帮助我们是她的责任。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替不定式短语to help us. She thinks (that) it is her duty to help us. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

4. I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.

我想被邀请到这里演讲时我的荣幸。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here。 I think (that) it is my honor to be invited to speak here. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

5. The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.

那位教授认为没有理解的阅读毫无益处。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替动名词短语reading without understanding。 The professor considers (that) it is no good reading without understanding. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

6. Do you consider it any good trying again?

你认为在试一次有用吗? 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替动名词短语trying again。 Do you consider (that) it is any good trying again? 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

7. He found it useless( no use) arguing with him.

他发现和他争论毫无用处。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替动名词短语arguing with him。

其完整的句子为: He found (that) it was useless( no use) arguing with him. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

8. He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.

他认为尝试不可能的事情是毫无理智的。 解释:it 处于宾语位置,代替动名词短语attempting the impossible。 其完整的句子为: He thought (that) it was absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 实质还是It 处于宾语从句的主语。

通过以上分析可以看出区别于There be 句型, It be 句型主要用来表达“是XXX的内涵”,而There be 句型主要用来表达“有XXXX的内涵”。

最后在回答一下“it做形式主语时的句型有哪些?” 通过以上讲述,你应该可以看出无论it 做形式主语还是形式宾语,其实质都是一样的,即都是为了保证其所在的句子主谓完整,都是形式主语。 另外it置于句首,除了可以做形式主语外,还可以指代前文提到过的“人”“事”“物”等。