精简状语从句（主语不一致）

主语不一致 => 主语不能省略

独立成分 : 与另一句的主语没有逻辑关系
独立主格 : 与另一句的主语有逻辑关系

用于精简 时间/伴随/原因/条件 状语从句

独立成分

Generally/Strictly/Broadly speaking,	一般/严格/宽泛说来
Judging from …	从那里判断
Talking of …	谈到
Allowing for …	考虑到
Seeing that/Considering that,	鉴于…

独立主格 实义动词

从句	主句
Weather permits.	we will go fishing tomorrow.
If weather permits,	we will go fishing tomorrow.
Weather permitting,	we will go fishing tomorrow.

从句	主句
All the money had been spent.	we started to look for jobs.
After all the money had been spent,	we started to look for jobs.
All the money having been spent,	we started to look for jobs.

独立主格 Be动词 (With伴随结构)

本质形式 两个句子合一句=>省略be动词 (句首with可以不加）

(With) + 名词/代词 + 形容词/副词/介词/名词/to do/doing/done

	从句	主句
形容词（短语）	(With) Tom is handsome，	many girls ...
副词（短语）	(With) Tom is abroad,	his parents ...
介词（短语）	(With) Tom is in USA now,	his parents ...
名词（短语）	(With) Tom is a handsome boy,	many girls ...
to do	(With) Tom is to come soon,	I ...
doing	Tom is comming soon，	I ...
done	Tom was killed yesterday,	I ...

	简单句	with伴随
形容词	The ground is wet. We should be careful.	(With) The ground (being) wet, we should be careful. (With) weather (being) cold, I put on one more sweater.
形容词短语	He spoke to us. His mouth was full of food.	He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. He spoke to us with the food in his mouth.（介词）
副词	He left his office. The light were on.	He left the office with the lights still on.
副词	The class was over. We all went out to play.	(With) The class over, we all went out to play.
介词	The engineer came. A notebook was in his hand.	The engineer came with a notebook in his hand.
介词短语	Glasses were in his hand. He asked where his glasses were.	(With) Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were.
名词短语	His father is a rich man. he doesn’t need to work so hard.	(With) His father (being) a rich man, he doesn’t need to work so hard.
名词短语	New York is the most densely populated city in America. COVID-19 there is the most serious.	With New York the most densely populated city in America, COVID-19 there is the most serious.
to do	A house is to be built. We must save every cent.	With a house to be built, we must save every cent.
to do	The manager felt very worried. So much work is to be done.	With so much work to be done, the manager felt very worried.
doing	The bus is coming here soon. We should get everything ready.	(With) The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready.
doing	Don’t brush your teeth. The water is running.	Don’t brush your teeth with the tap water running.
done	His cup is broken. He used his bowl instead.	With his cup broken, he used his bowl instead.
done	This road was blocked. They had to take another one.	With this road blocked, they had to take another one.

长难句范例

• The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roar down the arcade.
• With around $500000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.
• With phosphorus costing the equivalent of several hundred pounds per ounce, the first matches were expensive.
• The first region to have something approximating today’s ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.
• With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter.
• With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the building in Tokyo was considered a masterpiece when it was built in 1968.
• The condition appears to result from the cumulative effect of a number of factors, with atmospheric pollutants the principal culprits.
• The umemployment rate appears to result from the cumulative effect of a number of factors, with the tightened immigration policies the principal culprits.

口语表达

• This being the case, let us go. 既然就是这样了，我们走吧
  
• Weather permitting, we will have a barbecue tomorrow.
  
• All things (being) considered, it’s not a bad idea.