倒装句
I. 抽象或无生命的名词不能使用撇号结构占有其他名词, 只能用of或者名词形容词
Abstract or Inanimate Nouns cannot possess other nouns using the apostrophe structure. (Only of)
所有格:
Ownershipthe pizza of Paul => Paul’s pizza
Family relationship
the sister of Paul => Paul’s sister
Parts of the body
the hand of Paul => Paul’s hand
Creation
the video of Teacher Paul => Paul’s new video
Places
the capital city of Canada => Canada’s capital city
Category
the shoes of the children => the children’s shoes
Attribution
the decision of my mother => my mother’s decision
但是对于无生命和抽象名词, 使用名词形容词
Don’t use possessive structure with abstract or inanimate nouns, or to describe another noun… instead, use the first noun as an adjective, with no ’s’!
abstract conceptsthe problem of friendship => ❌ friendship’s problem => ✅ friendship problem
differences of opinion => ❌ opinion’s differences => ✅ opinion differences
Inanimate objects
the restaurant of spaghetti => ❌ spaghetti’s restaurant (spaghetti can’t have a restaurant) => ✅ spaghetti restaurant
the keys of the car => ❌ car’s key (car cannot own a key) => ✅ car key
II. 名词可以作为形容词使用。即使是抽象的或无生命的名词!
Cool Insight : Nouns can function as adjectives. Even abstract or inanimate nouns! (BUT WITHOUT S)
pizza box
20-year-old student
learning challenge
spaghetti restaurant
bubble tea
alcohol night
hip hop music
Cheesecake Factory
karaoke club
III. 名词作形容词(attributive nouns)
在英语中,把名词用作形容词,放在其它名词之前 (即放在“定语”位置),这种现象,布赖恩特(M. M.Bryant)称之为名词形容词(noun adjective)。
例如:
1)That iron door is for the centre building.
那个铁门是给中心大楼用的。
2)The glass windows let in the morning sun.
早晨的阳光从玻璃窗射进来。
一般而言,作定语用的都是名词的单数形式,但在近年来的英语中存在一种流传颇广、影响较深的趋势,这就是复数名词也经常被用作定语。早在 1914年丹麦学者叶斯柏森就注意到名词复数形式作定语 "越来越成为一种倾向"。
本文将谈谈几种常被用作定语的复数名词。
一、专有名词作定语:
the United States government 美国政府
Nuclear Standards Board 核能标准委员会
二、表示多层次意思的名词作定语:
an honours student 优等生
the commodities fair 商品交易会
a savings bank 储蓄银行
三、复数形式作单数用的名词(像news,mathematics,economies)作定语:
news agency 通讯社
a mathematics teacher 一位数学老师
an economics degree 经济学学位
四、名词单复数同时作定语,意思不变:
a custom(s) house 海关
the enquiry(enquiries) office 问讯处
a trouser(s) pocket 裤袋
五、意思不同的单复数名词作定语:
a glasses frame 眼镜框
arms race 军备竞赛
a glass frame 玻璃框
an arm band 臂章
六、有时在某种情形下用复数名词,在另一种情形下又要用单数:
a communications satellite 通讯工具
a communication engineering 通讯工程学
a wages policy 工资政策
wage negotiations 工资谈判
七、由of属格转变而来的-s属格,脱落"'"变为复数名词,用作定语:
a teachers delegation(=a delegation of teachers) 教师代表团
minor nationalities discontent(=discontent of the minor nationalities)少数民族的不满
八、最后要指出的是,作定语的名词,即使其含义是复数的,也还是常用单数形式
orange marmalade(柄子酱)是用梅子(oranges)做的酱
a match—box(火柴盒)是装火柴(matches)的盒子
eyeshadow(眼影)是徐眼圈(eyes)用的
a cowboyfilm (西部片)是描写牛仔(cowboys)的影片
shoe—repairers(修鞋的人)
ticketoffice(售票处)
childwelfare(儿童福利)
grapellarvest(葡萄的收成)
picturegallery(画廊)等等