虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

Introduction

作用： 非真实的 / 不太可能成真的

英语习惯用形式补充内容：把谓语动词的时态改变

IF虚拟条件句

从句往前推（一个时态），主句四加一（would/could/should/might + ），（假设）将来同（假设）现在。

	前推	if从句	主句
假设过去	过去->过去完成	had done	would/could/should/might + have done
假设现在	现在->过去	did were	would/could/should/might + do
假设将来	现在->过去	did (were) were to do should do	would/could/should/might + do

假设过去

Example	Implication
If he had been a student, he could have attended the lecture.	He was not a student, so he couldn’t attend the lecture.
If he had told her the answer, she could have understood it.	He didn’t tell her the answer. She didn’t understand it.

假设现在

Example	Implication
If I were you, I could make the decision.	I am not you, so I can’t make the decision.
If I were a bird, I could fly to you right away.	I am not a bird, so I can’t fly to you right away.
If I knew his number, I would ring him up.	I don’t know his number, so I won’t ring him up.
If he were free at the moment, he would go to the cinema.
If I could (can -> could) arrangethe alphabet, I would put U and I together.

假设将来

和if从句的区别在于对于未来的信心不同。

如果我明天有时间，我就会帮他。
可能有时间：If I have time tomorrow, I will help him.
不太可能有时间：If I had(were to/should have) time tomorrow, I would help him.

If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife.

混合时态

主句是对现在的虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟。

如果你（过去）嫁给他，你（现在）就会是一个加油站服务员的妻子。
If you had married him, you would be the wife of a gas station attendant.

如果昨天早睡觉的话，你现在就不会头疼。
If you had slept early yesterday, you would not have a headache.

简化的虚拟条件句

无if条件句(仅限 如果有/如果没有）
With better strategy, they would have won the battle.
=If they had had better strategy, they would have won the battle.

Without/But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.
=If we hadn’t had your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.

倒装虚拟句

当 if 引导的条件句省去 if 时，可将should，had，were置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句

Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car.
=If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.
如果我能赢得大奖，我就会买一辆车

Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
=If he were to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
如果他今天出发，他就能在星期一之前到达那里。

Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.
=If he were to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.
如果他把一切都告诉我们，我们就能想办法解决他的问题。

Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
=If you should change your mind, no one would“blame you.
如果你改变主意的话，没有人会责怪你。

Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.
=If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.
如果他没有被提升，他就不会继续留在这家公司了。

Had such a disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable.
=If such a disaster had occurred, the damage would have been incalculable.
如果这场灾难发生，损失将难以估量。

非IF虚拟语气

wish / if only

前推时态

I wish / if only our classroom had windows.
I wish / if only the sun were shining right now.
I wish / if only I had gone shopping.
I wish / if only I knew how to dance.
I wish / if only you had told them about it.
I wish / if only I were wearing coat.

If he had only followed your advice!

should

真实：现在应该做should do
虚拟：过去应该做should have done/shouldn’t have done

as if/as though 引导的从句

表示与现在事实相反或对现在事实有所怀疑，谓语用过去时
I really don't care for the way you're speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. （不是）

表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时
It seems as if he has been to America. (没去过)